The Divided Nature of Human Personality in Dr. Jekyll and...

How does Stevenson explore the Divided Nature of Human personality abd Victorian Society in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Hyde? The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a Gothic Horror story written by Robert Louis Stevenson in the 19th Victorian Century. The story is told from the point of view of John Utterson, a lawyer and friend to the brilliant scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll. After relating a disturbing tale of an angry fiend assaulting a small girl, Utterson begins to question the odd behaviour of his friend. As he investigates further into the life of Dr. Jekyll he uncovers a story so horrific, so terrifying, that he can hardly believe it. Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel is the simple portrayal of ‘good’ and†¦show more content†¦Hyde’s life revolves around the emotions within Hate, he has no knowledge of Love which prevents him from stopping himself doing or feeling regret for the things that he does. Despite this Hyde takes great pleasure in his actions, suggesting perhaps he does know Love, but this love is derived from Hate, he loves his Hate emotions and actions. He enjoys satisfying his needs but his actions are what we would class as wrong. Jekyll knows both of these raw emotions and this combination brings a new emotion; guilt which is powerful enough to drive him away from evil and all that is considered ‘bad’ and, eventually, it drives him away from Hyde. Stevenson uses various symbols to reinforce important themes in the novel. Perhaps the most powerful symbol in the novel is found in the contrast between the rear and front entrances to Dr.Jekyll’s house this concludes knowing that the front discrites the nature of Jekyll by showing his public face, but in other words there always has to be a twist to it. There is also a back door showing his pure nature which is evil as now we found out that there is a mystery leading into the laboratory. He also uses different describing words to the way the characters speak such as; blunt and ungrammatical, for layer class people, as this relates to the way Stevenson uses dialogue. One character that defines all dialogue and makes it accurate to the readers that it is violent and impatient is MrShow MoreRelatedStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 Pagesperiod of immense transition in many aspects of human life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, a work that opposed the traditional way of perceiving religion. Candyce Klin author of â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue†, states that The Origin of Species proposed the theory that all living creatures had to compete within their own preconditions in order to survive. This may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian worksRead MoreJekyll And Mr Hyde Deconstruction1359 Words   |  6 Pages In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson tells the story of a doctor who uses his medical and scientific knowledge to enable himself to do entirely as he pleases. Through Jekyll’s creation of his alter ego Hyde, Jekyll can do whatever he wants with no consequences. Ultimately, however, Hyde seems to overtake Jekyll, resulting in the death of both identities. For many readers, the final part of the story supplies satisfactory answers to enough of the questions toRead MoreLi terary Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson1530 Words   |  7 Pagesin the 1800’s during the Victorian era in this novel. 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Literally, Jekyll knows H yde very well, but cannot disclose certain personal information about Hydes life that he does not wish to share; yet the reader finds out later, that Jekyll is merely looking for a loophole in order to diverge fromRead MoreA Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1043 Words   |  5 Pagesopposing forces. Stevenson’s novel â€Å"A strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is centered around portrayal of deep duality in man and man’s struggle to contain his inner primal instincts. Stevenson uses many methods throughout his novel to depict this concept. Throughout the novel, Jekyll is driven by his motive to discover his darker side. 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I am going to show you how The Phantom Ship pertains to the Strang Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Most of us know the story of the Flying Dutchman (The Phantom Ship). It is very similar to what we have learned from SpongeBob and Pirates of the Caribbean, but it more extensive on the relationshipRead More Stevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 1793 Words   |  8 Pagesperiod of immense transition in many aspects of human life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, a work that opposed the traditional way of perceiving religion. Candyce Klin author of â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue†, states that The Origin of Species proposed the theory that all living creatures had to compete within their own preconditions in order to survive. This may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian worksRead More The Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe Nature of Duality in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde It has long been debated that there are two sides to the human mind. Many philosophers have stressed on the fact that human beings are dual creatures’. There is the duality of good and evil, right and wrong, joy and despair. There always is the desire to do something which is against the society, against the laws, although this varies from person to person. Robert Stevenson brings the possibility of another self in one person

Race And Gender Discrimination Contemporary Trends

Race and Gender Discrimination – Contemporary Trends Social Inequality; as defined by sociologists is the unequal opportunities of different social statuses and positions within a group of individuals or in society. The opportunities we receive, our wealth, our rewards, and our punishments, can all be influenced because of our positions we hold in society today. Remember the saying â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer†, why is this? It’s all because of inequality, there is no fairness when it comes to opportunities, employment, housing, etc. and it is in fact evident. After reading the article, â€Å"Race and Gender Discrimination, Contemporary Trends† there were many trends that I would of liked to discuss in my reflection, however the two trends that I found to be importantly associated with social inequality is the percentage of people who deny racial discrimination against people of color and the belief that blacks and whites have the same standard of living. 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Social Media and Symbolic Violence

Question: Discuss about the Social Media and Symbolic Violence. Answer: Introduction The social environment has seen a notable change in the 20th and the 21st centuries, and that is the cultural and daily lives saturation by the mass media. For good or bad the mass media is impacting the values, behaviors, and beliefs of people. Studies have accumulated evidence in the past half-century that exposure to violence on movies, television, and the recent media known as video games are increasing the risk of aggression and aggressive behavior on the viewers end (Huesmann, 2007). It is just like the chances of increased violent behavior in a person who has grown up in a violent environment. The term aggression, in psychology, refers to a series of behaviors that may result in psychological and physical harm to oneself, objects and others. The aggression can be expressed in many ways which include verbal, mental, emotional, and physical. Mostly aggression is referred to purely in physical forms like pushing or hitting, but the psychological aggression may result in a lot of damage (Cherry, 2016). There are many factors that increase the aggression in person like social, psychological, and biological. These factors at different level make a person more aggressive or give a chance to show the aggression on various situations. The essay here gives the details that how violence in media is increasing aggression in people, with the help of factors, types, and psychological theories of aggression. Factors that contribute to Aggressive Behaviour Aggression is not just being violent; it is a behavior that means losing one's control. It may result in harming one-self or others. The aggression can be divided into two types which can help in defining and understanding aggression better. The first category of Aggression according to the psychologist is hostile aggression which also termed as affective or retaliatory aggression ("Aggression: Harming," 2016). When a person gets physical and tries to harm others to cause psychological pain, it is known as hostile aggression. Rumour-spreading, malicious gossiping or bullying comes under the hostile affective aggression. People with this type of aggressive behavior do things unplanned, impulsively, and have uncontrolled behavior. The second type of aggression is the Instrumental aggression. It occurs when someone assumes his right over a thing or has a conflict over an object. For example, a student tries to knock another person or intentionally throws his things just because he sat o n his desk then it is known as instrumental aggressive behavior. Instrumental aggression can also be termed as predatory or goal-oriented aggression ("Aggression and Violence," 2016). The psychology of the person also makes a huge difference. A person, who is showing the hostile aggression will accompany strong emotions, unplanned behavior, will be impulsive, and show anger. Whereas, a person with the instrumental aggressive nature will show a very different approach. A person who has instrumental aggression wants to win at the end. They are a predator. They will plan the full show and want to be in control of the situation all the time. They only get satisfied when they win and gain at the end ("Aggression: Harming", 2016). The studies on the effects of the violent media on people are being gone on for a long time. Research taken up in the 1980s, by a psychologist L.Rowell Huesman and Leonard Eron gave the outcome that children watching violence on different media for many in their elementary school show higher levels of aggressive behavior when they reach teenage. And as an adult, they showed more chances for being prosecuted for criminal acts and getting arrested (Anderson, 2010). Interestingly, one the study conducted by the psychologists Douglas Gentile and Brad Bushman clarifies there are proofs that predict the future of an aggressive child will watch and love only the aggressive media full of violence. They suggest that the exposure to media violence can be an important factor that contributes to the aggressive behavior. One of another research has found that people who watch violent media gets desensitize towards violence in the real world. Some people watch violence because they enjoy the violence and then they started experimenting it in real life as it makes them feel aroused (Anderson et al., 2003). Surveys and cross-sectional studies help in studying the relation between individual's aggressive behavior and his habitual consumption of violence through media in a snapshot. These studies and surveys, in general, took the serious forms of physical aggression, but the methodology itself is not able to judge the cautions of the experiments. For the present generation, the longitudinal study is to be selected. So studies like cross-sectional investigations and longitudinal studies are the best option to study the aggression and the influences that has caused aggression in person (Anderson et al., 2003) Aggression can be a result of many different factors affecting an individual. Some of the factors that affect the aggression of a person are like Biological factors that include the instinctive factor that says every person have that deadly instinct which is known as thenatos, it is the reservoir for his aggression and needs to periodically release to remain mentally sane. An outside source provoked the person until a result has been found and that is aggressive behavior (Arehart-Treichel, 2008). This theory says that the building up of aggression can also be suppressed there are many people two have that survival instinct and they keep their aggression. The second biological factor that increases the aggressive behavior is the hormonal imbalance. The increased level of testosterone in males makes them aggressive, and this is the reason why women are easier to go. If testosterone goes down, then the castration helps in reducing the aggressive behaviour. A person can genetically also be influenced with the inheritance of aggression from four fathers. This is the third factor of biological factors that got influence on the aggressive nature of a person and the upbringing the child is getting (Cherry, 2016). If the biological background of an individual is aggressive, then the risk or chance of increased aggressiveness in person would be more than other children. The fourth biological factor that contributes to the aggressive behavior of a person is the blood chemistry. This also relates to the environment in which the child is growing up. For example, if a person has taken alcohol then his ability to think straight will be compromised. The ability to perceive the outcome of aggressive behaviour accurately will also decrease as alcohol in increases deindividuation. The functioning of the brain also gets weakened and the brain mechanism which holds the impulsive behaviour such as aggression to come out fails to its duty (Farrar Krcmar, 2006). If a person suffers f rom low blood sugar then also the aggressive behaviour could be shown by the person. Another biological factor that brings aggressive behaviour out is physiological illnesses and treatments. A person suffering from a deadly illness like cancer can show mood swings and aggressive behaviour. It is the stress of the illness which makes the person impulsive and aggressive. It acts indirectly in bringing out the aggression hidden in person. People with high temperamental issues also get aggressive very quickly. They are more aggressive then the people with low temperament (Gentile, Mathieson, Crick, 2011). After biological factors, psychological factors come up as the reason for aggression like psychological frustrations occurs when people are stopped or blocked from reaching their goals and this result in aggression from the person. These people are very goal oriented, and it is their expression of frustration for not achieving his goals. These goals can be very simple like food, water or sex, or big such as job, love, and marriage. These people whenever get into a negative situation tends to become aggressive in their behaviour. Another psychological factor that makes people react aggressively is the social learning factor. People may take up the aggressive behaviour with their social surrounding and observation of it (Haller, Van De Schraaf, Kruk, 2008). Guidelines are provided for elaborating the beliefs and the expectations that channelize the social behavior. The social influences like reinforcements, role-models, and situational factors may contribute to the expression of behav ior with aggression. Mass media is a major reason for children getting violent and aggressive. They watch such violent things on TV and adapt the same from it. Any violence observed in the family will also result in the aggressive behavior of the children. Another psychological factor that leads to aggression is deindividuation where people gets crowded or gathers together. In such situation, people may lose their self-awareness and a sense of individuality. They become the part of the groups thinking. This would lead to some aggressive thinking and violence which a person would not attempt normally. They become clueless of their thinking and lead to aggression and violent acts. They also do not take the responsibility of such situations because in the course they have lost their individuality and the sense of awareness (Huesmann, 2007). A psychological theory Latanes Theory of Psychology says that the social can be dividing into three ways of social impact which explain the social influence of individuals behaviours. The first principle is about the strength of the source, if the source is powerful, then influence will also be huge. Like an advice given by the respected senior of the company will be listened and applied more. The second principle says that the impact of the influence will increase with the number of resources. The third and final principle say that the closer the source will be with an individual the more its impact will be on the individual. This theory helps in throwing some light on the social factors influencing the individuals aggressive nature (Lin, 2013). Research took on the violent television, movies, video games and music gives an outcome of unequivocal evidence that violence shown in media increases the chances of violent and aggressive behaviour in the both long-term and immediate contexts. The effects of media on the persons aggressive and violent nature appears less severe that other reason of being aggressive. But the evidence clearly shows that exposure to violent media increases the aggressive nature in an individual (Recuero, 2015). The conclusion of the research says that short-term exposure to violent media will increase the verbal and physically aggressive behaviour. Whereas the research also claims that frequent exposure of an individual to violent media will result in highly aggressive nature which includes physical assault and abuse to the spouse. The extremely violent criminal behaviour is not very common. For a longitudinal study on the topic more data and samples are needed by the researchers to get an accurate est imate of the exposure of media and the risk of extreme violence due to it (Rosaen, Boyson, Smith, 2006). The theory that delineates the reason of why and when the media violence exposure increases the aggression and violence is well-supported with evidence. Media violence initially produces the short-term aggressive scripts and cognition which increases the physiological arousal and triggers the automatic tendency of imitating the behaviour observed. The long-term effects of media violence leave a lasting impact on the viewer. Due to the aggressive scripts, the viewer automatically started using aggression as a solution to all the problems. They become desensitized towards the violence (Soledad Liliana Escobar-Chaves Craig A. Anderson, 2008) It is important to understand the reason as to why and how media violence can cause aggression. Why empirical studies are implicating violence in media as a threat to the society is also needed to be understood. There are many psychological theories that help in explaining the reason for taking violence of media as a threat (Scharrer, 2005). Furthermore, the psychological theories explain the reason as to why violence in the media is a reason for the increased aggressive behaviour of the observers of it. The psychological theories that are used to observe such violent and aggressive acts are explained here. The first theory is the Social Learning Theory is the theory that explained how individuals, especially children can learn aggression just from viewing others doing it. With the help of Bobo Doll Experiment the theory as to how children learn to aggressive verbally and physically just by seeing the violence has been explained and justified (Soledad Liliana Escobar-Chaves Craig A. Anderson, 2008). Another theory that helps in proving the connection between violence in media and aggression in individuals is the Social Cognitive Theory. It is a theory that relates to the social learning, and it also suggests that by learning and priming aggressive scripts aggression may get activated. Desensitization and excitation or arousal are also added in the forthcoming social cognitive theories. The theory says that repeated media violence exposure creates psychological saturation or emotional adjustment which diminishes or weaken the initial levels of anxiety (Sotskova Woodin, 2013). This theory is being used from a long time and the most dominant paradigm of effects media. Now it is getting criticized as an outdated theory. A new theory has surfaced known as catalyst model which is being proposed to be used to further explain the etiology of violence in media. This theory emphasizes that the main reason for aggression is the genetic and early social influence on the person. As per the theory media violence is responsible for the aggression in people but it is not the main factor, but just a small part of it (Wagar Mandracchia, 2016). As per the theory person is already aggressive and by viewing it in media it just establishes a connection and become more prominently aggressive. The last theory is the moral panic theory which says that the concern regarding media violence in historical and cyclical. According to it the society has formed a pre-determined belief about the negativity of the new medium called media. It says that this medium is not being used by the elders in the ratio as it is used by the children and youth. Thus, the result for them could not be determined by just taking them into account. It says that when again a new medium will come again a panic will be created by the people and new studies will be called for (Wolfer Hewstone, 2015). Conclusion This is true that the use of mobile phones, television, internet, video games, and violent movies in the recent times has increased a lot. They have opened new venues for the social interaction. These new form of mass media is introducing violence to the children and the youth around the world. This has resulted in the increased show of aggression. Psychologists have taken the situation seriously as this will lead more aggressive acts in the future. They have studied the fact that violence on media is affecting the people and they are getting more aggressive due to it. This essay helps to know about the various types of aggression and the social, psychological, and biological factors that affect and led aggression. There are many psychological theories that help in knowing the reason and effects of media violence on aggression better. These theories reflect that the violent in mass media is actually increasing the aggression in people. These theories will help in treating the person in the better way as a new medium of increased aggression has been found. In the end, it is concluded that media violence increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviour in the individual and it can be explained with the help of psychological theories. References Aggression and Violence. (2016).Goodtherapy.org. Retrieved 13 November 2016, from https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/aggression-violence Anderson, C., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L., Johnson, J., Linz, D. et al. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth.Psychological Science In The Public Interest,4(3), 81-110. Anderson, J. (2010). Violent Media Desensitizes Boys to Aggression.Pediatric News,44(11), 24. Arehart-Treichel, J. (2008). Aggression Comes in Four Types, Psychoanalyst Explains.Psychiatric News,43(7), 9-9. Cherry, K. (2016).What Is Aggression?.Verywell. Farrar, K. Krcmar, M. (2006). Measuring State and Trait Aggression: A Short, Cautionary Tale.Media Psychology,8(2), 127-138. Ferguson, C., Smith, S., Miller-Stratton, H., Fritz, S., Heinrich, E. (2008). Aggression in the Laboratory: Problems with the Validity of the Modified Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Test as a Measure of Aggression in Media Violence Studies.Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma,17(1), 118-132. Gentile, D., Mathieson, L., Crick, N. (2011). Media Violence Associations with the Form and Function of Aggression among Elementary School Children.Social Development,20(2), 213-232. Haller, J., Van De Schraaf, J., Kruk, M. (2008). Deviant Forms of Aggression in Glucocorticoid Hyporeactive Rats: A Model for Pathological Aggression?.Journal Of Neuroendocrinology,13(1), 102-107. Huesmann, L. (2007). The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research.Journal Of Adolescent Health,41(6), S6-S13. Lin, J. (2013). Identification Matters: A Moderated Mediation Model of Media Interactivity, Character Identification, and Video Game Violence on Aggression.Journal Of Communication,63(4), 682-702. Recuero, R. (2015). Social Media and Symbolic Violence.Social Media + Society,1(1). Report of the Media Violence Commission. (2012).Aggressive Behavior,38(5), 335-341. Rosaen, S., Boyson, A., Smith, S. (2006). Aggression-Related Characteristics and the Selection of Media Violence.Zeitschrift Fr Medienpsychologie,18(3), 119-130. Scharrer, E. (2005). Hypermasculinity, Aggression, and Television Violence: An Experiment.Media Psychology,7(4), 353-376. Soledad Liliana Escobar-Chaves, Craig A. Anderson,. (2008). Media and Risky Behaviors.The Future Of Children,18(1), 147-180. Sotskova, A. Woodin, E. (2013). Posttraumatic Stress, Partner Violence Victimization, and Harmful Drinking: Risk Factors for Relationship Discord in New Parents.Journal Of Interpersonal Violence,28(17), 3319-3341. Wagar, L. Mandracchia, J. (2016). Criminogenic Thinking Mediates the Relation Between Violent Media Exposure and Aggression.Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma,25(5), 537-554. Wolfer, R. Hewstone, M. (2015). Intra- Versus Intersex Aggression: Testing Theories of Sex Differences Using Aggression Networks.Psychological Science,26(8), 1285-1294.

How Birth Control Affects Society free essay sample

A description of how birth control has affected society as a whole, societys perception of women, and the impact it has had on the AIDS virus. This paper discusses the introduction of the birth control pill, outlining societys concept of a womans duties from pre-1920s and up to the surge of the feminist movement. The paper explains how the popularity of the birth control pill, and the feminist movement has made a major impact on the difference of the roles and lifestyles of women. This paper also takes a look at the positive impact birth control has had on preventing AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Table of Contents Background Birth Controls Impact on Society AIDS Conclusion The popularity of the birth control pill brought the world into the sexual revolution. The easy access to birth control encouraged promiscuity, and eventually brought us into the womens movement in the 1970s. We will write a custom essay sample on How Birth Control Affects Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Womens freedom over their sexuality allows freedom of their financial independence. However the true beginning of the womens movement began as early as the 1920s. The possibility of contraceptives would not have been possible in the 1960s without the original womens movement in the 1920s. The purpose of this essay to describe how birth control has affected society, and the impact it had on the AIDS virus.